ABSTRACT
This review summarizes the pharmacological properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinoid components of several species of herbal cannabis. The pharmacological effects of the phytocannabinoids have been extensively investigated and the importance of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) on immune cells has provided important information on the intracellular targets for these molecules. In addition to the phytocannabinoids, endogenous cannabinoids also exist in the form of anadramide and 2-srodolylglycerol (2-AG). These, together with their synthesizing and metabolizing enzymes, form the cannabinoid system. Since the discovery of the endocannabinoid system and the role that neuroinflammation plays in neurological and psychiatric illness, the potential therapeutic importance of this system has been of growing interest. In addition, the need to develop drugs which specifically target the CB1 and CB2 receptors has been stimulated by the pharmacological complexity of both THC and CBD. This review briefly summarizes the therapeutic potential of the naturally occurring and the synthetic cannabinoids which will need to be developed, if such drugs are to fulfill the therapeutic promise which the cannabinoids offer. © 2023
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. There is no effective medication for COVID-19 as of now, so it would be good to take preventive measures that not only boost our immunity but also fight against infections. The use of traditional Chinese medicine in China to treat COVID-19 patients sets the prototype demonstrating that traditional medicines can contribute to prevention and treatment successfully. In India, the Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeop-athy) released a self-care advisory during the COVID-19 crisis as a preventive aspect. This review article discusses the therapeutic potential and clinical relevance of some herbs [(Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Haridra (Curcuma longa), Tvaka (Cinnamon), Maricha (Piper longum), Shunthi (Zingi-ber officinale), Munakka (Dried grapes), Lavang (Syzigiumaromaticum), Pudina (Mentha arvensis), and Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi)] advised by AUYSH to take during COVID-19 infection. They are effective in COVID-19 management, therefore, authors have discussed their detailed traditional uses as therapeutics and spotted scientific insight and clinical significance of the herbs mentioned above along with their mechanistic viewpoint, adequately, on a single platform. Provided information could be a treasure to open up a new research arena on natural products to manage human health crises effectively, caused not only by COVID-19 but also by other infectious diseases.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
ABSTRACT
Neutrophil elastase (NE), a major protease in the primary granules of neutrophils, is involved in microbicidal activity. NE is an important factor promoting inflammation, has bactericidal effects, and shortens the inflammatory process. NE also regulates tumor growth by promoting metastasis and tumor microenvironment remodeling. However, NE plays a role in killing tumors under certain conditions and promotes other diseases such as pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Additionally, it plays a complex role in various physiological processes and mediates several diseases. Sivelestat, a specific NE inhibitor, has strong potential for clinical application, particularly in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review discusses the pathophysiological processes associated with NE and the potential clinical applications of sivelestat.
ABSTRACT
This review summarizes the pharmacological properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinoid components of several species of herbal cannabis. The pharmacological effects of the phytocannabinoids have been extensively investigated and the importance of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) on immune cells has provided important information on the intracellular targets for these molecules. In addition to the phytocannabinoids, endogenous cannabinoids also exist in the form of anadramide and 2-srodolylglycerol (2-AG). These, together with their synthesizing and metabolizing enzymes, form the cannabinoid system. Since the discovery of the endocannabinoid system and the role that neuroinflammation plays in neurological and psychiatric illness, the potential therapeutic importance of this system has been of growing interest. In addition, the need to develop drugs which specifically target the CB1 and CB2 receptors has been stimulated by the pharmacological complexity of both THC and CBD. This review briefly summarizes the therapeutic potential of the naturally occurring and the synthetic cannabinoids which will need to be developed, if such drugs are to fulfill the therapeutic promise which the cannabinoids offer.
ABSTRACT
Rifampicin is a promising drug for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 based on its antiviral properties and recent in silico studies. In silico studies can serve as a foundation for further studies.
ABSTRACT
Purpose of Review: Worldwide occurring Moringa plant is commonly famous as a fruit vegetable, known as drumstick or shevga all over India. The miraculous nutritional potential of the drumstick plant was already proved by worldwide research. But in the common population, it is unknown for the nutritional potential of its leaves. The majority of the population is known it only as a fruit vegetable. The Moringa leaves contain almost all essential nutrients, growth factors, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, minerals, and metals like potassium, iron, and zinc. Besides these, nowadays, plant leaves may be used to prepare various nutritional supplements and medicine. Recent Findings: Besides this, this review takes into account some joint efforts of NASI, Allahabad-funded project to use these Moringa leaves for different formulations and its popularization efforts for malnutrition eradication in tribal, i.e., development of recipes of Moringa leaves that will not only make easy preparations but also help to make habitual use of Moringa leaves today. Summary: This review describes the morphology, occurrence, and distribution of Moringa sp., chemical constitutions of Moringa leaves, its potential as anticancer, antidiabetes, and antimicrobial agent and as a nutritional supplement and the commercial future of various products.
ABSTRACT
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a promising drug for prophylaxis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Further studies with cautious approach are needed to establish the benefits and risks before considering NAC as an adjuvant treatment for COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
The ocean is the most biodiverse habitat of various organisms. The organisms surviving in the harsh conditions of the ocean consist of several spectacular properties and produce bioactive compounds of pharmacological importance. These compounds are effective even in small quantities with various immunomodulatory qualities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Though the vaccines for COVID-19 are developed, and drug development is also in progress, but till now no effective drug is available for this deadly virus. Researchers are mining the huge data of bioactive compounds to develop the specific drug for COVID-19. The use of the repurposed drugs is challenging against the rapidly mutating virus with variable symptoms and mode of transmission. This review is an attempt to compile all the spattered data of marine-derived bioactive compounds with antiviral properties and to explore their therapeutic potential against COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , COVID-19 Vaccines , Humans , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Severe durable changes may occur to the DNA structure caused by exogenous and endogenous risk factors initiating the process of carcinogenesis. By evidence, a large portion of malignancies have been demonstrated as being preventable. Moreover, the targeted prevention of cancer onset is possible, due to unique properties of plant bioactive compounds. Although genoprotective effects of phytochemicals have been well documented, there is an evident lack of articles which would systematically present the spectrum of anticancer effects by phytochemicals, plant extracts, and plant-derived diet applicable to stratified patient groups at the level of targeted primary (cancer development) and secondary (cancer progression and metastatic disease) prevention. Consequently, clinical implementation of knowledge accumulated in the area is still highly restricted. To stimulate coherent co-development of the dedicated plant bioactive compound investigation on one hand and comprehensive cancer preventive strategies on the other hand, the current paper highlights and deeply analyses relevant evidence available in the area. Key molecular mechanisms are presented to detail genoprotective and anticancer activities of plants and phytochemicals. Clinical implementation is discussed. Based on the presented evidence, advanced chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine are considered.